![]() If you found a 10.2mH for example, that would usually be close enough. For example, if the calculator recommends a 10.56mH (milliHenry) inductor, you’d try to get close to 10.5 mH, not 10.56mH. I recommend trying to get fairly close to the calculated parts values exact values are not practical or needed. Vance Dickason How precise do crossover capacitor and inductor part values need to be? Generally speaking, the further apart the two crosspoints are, the better the combined response of the drivers will be (three octaves is a good starting point).Ĭrosspoints closer together than the three-octave ideal will suffer from complicated undesirable interference patterns. You can also use a general rule based on the ratio of the high pass cutoff ( Fh) and low pass cutoff ( Fl): To get the best results (3-way crossovers are NOT simply an extension of 2-way designs), the calculator uses a 3-way all pass crossover (APC) design with a sufficient frequency range between the high pass frequency and the low pass frequency. You’ll also learn tons of other speaker design info! 3-way crossover details for the calculator I highly recommend Vance Dickason’s The Loudspeaker Design Cookbook for more detailed information as it shows examples and covers the topic in good detail. If you’re interested in the technical aspects of the different crossover designs available, I’d encourage you to read more. It’s also not sensitive to speaker driver resonance like some others. Vance Dickason, The Loudspeaker Design Cookbook (7th ed.) The flat magnitude response, low sensitivity to offset, and in-band driver resonances have made the L-R a popular choice among manufacturers. The second-order L-R crossover is an all-pass configuration which sums to a flat magnitude… They certainly have useful applications but the Linkwitz-Riley (L-R) crossover is generally a great choice for standard speaker systems with a -12dB per octave slope. While it’s true that plenty of other designs exist (Butterworth, Chebychev, Bessel, and others) they do not offer the same frequency response. Linkwitz-Riley designs are hands-down one of the most commonly used for a number of reasons, one of which is their flat response where the woofer and tweeter crossover points overlap. Why use a Linkwitz-Riley crossover for 2-way crossovers? This is almost never a problem for ready-made crossovers you buy as this is usually already taken into account when they’re designed. You can do this by reversing the wiring at the speaker terminals in the crossover building stage or reversing the connection polarity label once it’s completed. For 3-way crossovers, reverse the bandpass speaker (midrange speaker) polarity.For 2-way crossovers, reverse the tweeter connection polarity.Image showing 180 degree out of phase audio waves and the resulting in-phase (0° difference) condition after reversing the speaker. It will also sound “weird” because the timing of the audio waves you hear conflicts with each other. It can result in destructive interference (sound wave cancellation) that occurs in the overlapping range of sound between the two speakers (three speakers in the case of a 3 way system) near the crossover frequency. When building your own speaker crossover and using a 2nd order or other even-order designs, it’s important to remember to reverse one speaker driver to correct the 180 degree out of phase condition.Ĭrossover capacitors and inductors each add a 90° phase difference, giving even-order (2nd order, 4th order) crossovers a resulting 180° out of phase condition that will affect the sound. ![]() Reversing out of phase speakers for even-order designs
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